President Carter established the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in 1979 with two missions: emergency management and civil defense. FEMA’s charter was further enhanced in 1988 with the Stafford Act, which laid out clear instructions and a framework for disaster response and recovery between the federal government and the states. After 9/11/2001, the federal government reorganized and created a new overarching cabinet department, Homeland Security (DHS), and absorbed FEMA and twenty-one other federal organizations to better coordinate and communicate where both civil defense and emergency management were concerned. Following the devastation along the Gulf Coast that Hurricane Katrina caused, Congress passed the Post-Katrina Emergency Reform Act of 2006 which redefined FEMA as a separate agency within DHS, defined its main role, made the FEMA Administrator a principal advisor to the President, the Homeland Security Council and the Secretary of Homeland Security for all matters related to emergency management in the United States.